"dc-subject","UserLevel","Redirect","dc-creator","dc-publisher","Collection","dc-title","Icon","Type","dc-description","Chronology","dc-date","Name","Id"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/south_stoa_i.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","South Stoa I Measuring some 80 meters long, South Stoa I takes up much of the south side; its eastern end is the better preserved (Figs. 31, 32). It had a double colonnade, with sixteen rooms behind. It dates to ca. 430–420 B.C. and economies brought on by the Peloponnesian War may have determined the use of mudbrick and reused blocks in its construction. The off-center doors indicate the placement of dining couches in the rooms, perhaps used by magistrates fed at public expense, and an inscription found in the building suggests that at least one room was used by the metronomoi, the officials in charge of weights and measures. Numerous coins found in the excavations also reflect the commercial function of the building. The stoa was dismantled in the middle years of the 2nd century B.C. to make way for South Stoa II. Figure 31. Reconstruction of a dining room in South Stoa I, ca. 430–420 B.C. Figure 32. Aerial view of the east end of South Stoa I, ca. 430–420 B.C.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: South Stoa I","Agora:Webpage:5c0616359cbb23fc6338ddac72f3272b"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/metroon.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","Metroon (Archives) The Metroon served two functions; it was both a sanctuary of the Mother of the Gods and the archive building of the city, a repository of official records (Fig. 19). The present remains date to the mid-2nd century B.C. and overlie traces of earlier public buildings, including the Old Bouleuterion. The Hellenistic building had four rooms set side-by-side, united by a facade of fourteen Ionic columns. Except for a small stretch of steps at the south, all that remains are the reddish conglomerate foundations below the floor level of the building; the exact disposition of the records and the location of the statue of the Mother by the sculptor Agorakritos (cf. Fig. 20), seen by Pausanias, are unclear. Figure 19. Cutaway view of the Metroon in the late 2nd century B.C.; the building housed both a cult of the Mother of the Gods and the State Archives. Figure 20. A dedicatory relief of the Mother of the Gods, 4th century B.C.; one of several dozen copies found in the Agora.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: Metroon","Agora:Webpage:3e25a30c5bf8b044c5e36fba11f62883"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/east_building.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","East Building Running southward from the east end of the Middle Stoa is the East Building. Its eastern half takes the form of a long hall with a marble chip floor and stone slabs designed to carry wooden furniture, presumably tables (Fig. 40). The furniture supports are perhaps best interpreted as holding bankers’ or money changers’ tables and suggest that the South Square served a primarily commercial function. The western half of the building consisted of four rooms and a stairway designed to take people down to the lower (ground) level of the South Square. Figure 40. Detail of the floor of the East Building, showing the marble slabs with cuttings for the attachment of wooden furniture, 2nd century B.C.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: East Building","Agora:Webpage:37aba11141d5976d7e882f9fb14dfc72"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/mint.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","Mint Just east of the fountain house lie the miserable remains of a large square building with several rooms; the northern half lies under the Church of the Holy Apostles and the Southeast Temple (Early Roman) (Figs. 36, 37; see also Fig. 41). Originally built in ca. 400 B.C., the structure was used in the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C. as the mint for bronze coinage. Dozens of bronze flans or unstruck coin blanks were found scattered throughout the building, along with evidence of industrial debris. There is nothing to suggest that Athenian silver coinage was minted in this building. Figure 37. Restored plan of the Mint, ca. 400 B.C.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: Mint","Agora:Webpage:35070e379b154a8f8204ebaa71fa1ca2"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/odeion_of_agrippa.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","Odeion of Agrippa Late in the 1st century B.C. the Athenians were given money for a new marketplace by Caesar and Augustus, and the northern half of the old Agora square was filled with two new structures, the Odeion of Agrippa and the Temple of Ares. A large concert hall or odeion was given to the Athenians by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, the son-in-law and general of Augustus, in the years around 15 B.C. It was a huge two-storeyed structure that must have dominated the square (Fig. 52). The auditorium, with its raised stage and marble-paved orchestra, seated about 1,000 spectators. It was surrounded on three sides by a cryptoporticus (subterranean colonnaded hall) at the lower level, with stoas above. The exterior of the building was elaborated with Corinthian pilasters. Entry to the Odeion was either from the upper level of the Middle Stoa on the south or through a modest porch at ground level on the north (Fig. 53). Figure 52. Cross section of the Odeion, 1st phase (late 1st century B.C.), looking east. Figure 53. Ground plan of the Odeion of Agrippa, 1st phase. (late 1st century B.C.) The great open span of the auditorium (25 meters) eventually proved too great and the roof collapsed in the years around A.D. 150. The structure was rebuilt as a lecture hall, with the seating capacity reduced to about 500, and a far more elaborate facade was built at the north, using massive pillars carved in the form of giants (snaky tales) and tritons (fishy tails) (Fig. 54). Figure 54. Giant from the facade of the 2nd phase (ca. A.D. 150–175), as reused in the early 5th century A.C. ""The lecture was interrupted by much shouting and laughter. Philagros shouted and screamed that they were treating him badly in preventing him from using his own material; but he was not acquitted on a charge which was now well established. All this took place in the Agrippeion."" (Philostratos, Lives of the Sophists 597) The loss of this odeion for concerts presumably prompted Herodes Atticus to build his handsome new odeion on the south slopes of the Acropolis in the years around A.D. 160. The Odeion of Agrippa was destroyed by the Herulians in A.D. 267. It was rebuilt in the early 5th century A.D. as part of a sprawling complex, perhaps a palace, with numerous rooms, a bath, and several courtyards, which extended southward all the way across the old South Square (Fig. 55). The Giants and Tritons were reused for a monumental entranceway, and their present position on high piers dates to this last phase of the building. Figure 55. Drawing of the Late Roman reuse of the Odeion of Agrippa as part of a large palace-like complex, early 5th century A.C.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: Odeion of Agrippa","Agora:Webpage:51efed6b5a7e382b7830d4f4d43075f3"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/library_of_pantainos.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","Library of Pantainos Lying partially under and behind the Late Roman wall are the remains of a building identified by its inscribed marble lintel block as the Library of Pantainos, dedicated to Athena Archegetis, the emperor Trajan, and the Athenian people in the years around A.D. 100 (Figs. 43, 44). It consists of a large square room and a paved courtyard, surrounded by three stoas that had shops behind their colonnades. As a cultural and educational building, the library reflects the role of Athens as the principal university town of the Roman empire. The dedicator, Titus Flavius Pantainos, was the son of the head of a philosophical school and refers to himself as a priest of the philosophical muses. A second inscription preserves the library rules: ""No book is to be taken out because we have sworn an oath. [The library] is to be open from the first hour until the sixth"" (Fig. 45). Figure 43. Plan of the Library of Pantainos, ca. A.D. 100. Figure 44. The north stoa of the Library of Pantainos, looking east toward the Gate of Athena. Figure 45. Rules of the Library of Pantainos: ""No book is to be taken out because we have sworn an oath. (The library) is to be open from the first hour until the sixth."" The northern stoa runs eastward, along the south side of a marble street that led in Roman times from the Agora to the Doric gateway of the market of Caesar and Augustus, also known as the Roman Agora. Destroyed by the Herulians in A.D. 267, the northern stoa was eventually rebuilt as part of a new large two-storeyed structure in the 5th century A.D. (Fig. 46), and the western stoa of the library was incorporated into the Late Roman fortification. Figure 46. Reconstruction of the marble-paved street and stoa of the complex east of the Stoa of Attalos, ca. A.D. 420. At left is the Gate of Athena, the entrance to the Roman Agora.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: Library of Pantainos","Agora:Webpage:db21d44af4ceff0cae67e9ec08301995"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/stoa_of_zeus_eleutherios.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios Lying just south of the railroad tracks, along the west side, are the remains of the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios (Freedom) (Figs. 8, 9). This cult of Zeus was established after the battle of Plataia in 479 B.C., when the Greeks drove the Persians out of Greece. Figure 8. Plan of the buildings along the west side of the Agora as they would have appeared in ca. 100 B.C. Figure 9. Reconstruction of the Doric Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios, ca. 430–420 B.C. Though dedicated to a god, the building takes the form commonly used for a civic building: a stoa (colonnade or portico), with two projecting wings. Built of marble and limestone in the years around 425 B.C., the stoa had Doric columns on the exterior and Ionic columns within. According to Pausanias it was decorated with paintings done by Euphranor, a famous 4th-century artist, and the shields of those who died fighting for the freedom of Athens were displayed on the building. Rooms were added to the back of the stoa in the Early Roman period and may have housed a cult of the Roman emperors.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios","Agora:Webpage:c5eb45f9c07f1325693a401262cae2bc"
"","","http://agathe.gr/guide/south_stoa_ii.html","","","Agora","","","Webpage","South Stoa II South Stoa II ran westward from the south end of the East Building, parallel to the Middle Stoa (Figs. 38, 41). Dating to the second half of the 2nd century B.C., it consisted of a single Doric colonnade of limestone, the superstructure reused from a building of the 4th century B.C. Its only adornment is a small fountain set into the back wall. South Stoa I was put out of use by South Stoa II, and much of the earlier building was quarried away at the west to accommodate the lower floor levels of the South Square. Figure 41. Plan of the buildings at the southeast corner of the Agora.","","","AgoraPicBk 16 2003: South Stoa II","Agora:Webpage:39474281b03ee43b259561dc4f3be041"